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study finds estrogen metabolites are involved in carcinogenesis through the production of toxic metabolites 3,4 quinones.  The presence of Estrogen receptors were associated with increased tumor growth. ER was in fact ER alpha.  What is interesting is that ER beta is not expressed these ERKO animals.  This again points to ER beta's anti proliferative action.

commentary on the current state of knowledge of estrogen receptors, particularily ER alpha, and brain synapsis.

As it relates to the prostate, there is more than just androgens and estrogen levels.  There is balance.  Then there is estrogen receptors.  This article discusses the different action the ER-alph and ER-beta have on the prostate.

Good brief discussion of membrane Androgen receptor and intracellular Androgen receptor as well as the effects of aromatase and ER alpha. The point is that dual actions can be on going in the elevation of PSA values. Rightly so, this short rebuttal points out that a high T/DHT and a high mAR/iAR results in apoptosis.

increased ER-alpha expression associated with decreased neurotrophic activity.  A decrease in the neurotrophic activity of the aging brain is associated with many of the diseases of the aging brain. The major point here is that ER-alph is known to increase inflammatory signaling.  So increased inflammation, just via the ER receptors, plays a role in the aging brain.

Good summary article on estrogen receptors in men.

ER-beta shown to have an anti-proliferative effect through it's counter regulatory action on ER-alpha.  This study looked at estradiol interaction between ER-alpha/beta in the uterus.

difficult, technical read...but take home is that ER alpha expression is increased in the male prostrate stromal cells in response to elevated estradiol levels.  Remember, that ER alpha promotes inflammation and growth.  Thus, in part, this helps to explain BPH.

G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER) and non-genomic estrogen signaling in breast cancer. Is this the new frontier in hormones and breast cancer?

ER alpha promotes lung inflammation.  In this study, they found that ER alpha could be a potential target to reduce lung inflammation.

Study finds T3 effects on ER-alpha is likely a non-genomic pathway.  This study found a down regulation of ER-alpha in tumor cell lines by T3.

ER alpha and ER beta receptors play role in BPH and prostate cancers.  ER alpha is proliferative and inflammatory: ER beta is inhibitory.

synthetic progestins promote estrogen alpha Receptor activity: increased growth potential

ER alpha and ER beta have different effects on the uterus in this mice model.  ER beta modulates ER alpha.  ER beta decreases PR, whereas ER alpha increases PR.

Now, here is a kicker...T4 induces ER-alpha activation/signaling similar to estrogen.

ER-beta receptors have "distinct antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory biological effects".  This is in contrast to ER-alpha.

ER alpha and AR play role in response of hypothalamus to exogenous testosterone therapy.  It is not just the message, but how the message is interpreted.  Low T symptoms cannot be explained by "low T" alone, but how the tissue receives the message and interprets the message.

3-beta androstanediola, a product of 3alpha-HSD from DHT binds to ER beta and down regulates AR in prostate cancer.  This study proposes that the mechanism is via CYP7B1.  CYP7B1 inactivates 3-beta androstanediol.  Interesting, because 3-beta androstanediol is considered "inactive" when compared to 3-alpha androstanediol and its interaction with ER alpha.  

estrogen plays role in obesity in menopausal women.

Great article on ER beta and the prostate.  ER alpha expression is very important in the development of the prostate.  IN that instance, ER beta is down regulated.  In prostate cancer generation, ER beta expression in the epithelium is lost.